Hi,
Try the switch ccmsetup.exe /uninstall from the faulty servers, and point it to the setup files, i.e. c:\ccmsetup.exe /uninstall.(Or wherever your ccmsetup.exe files are situated)
Then you can either manually reinstall from the setup files, or push it again.
In SCCM 2012 you can right click the computer object, and select "Install client", press next, and select "Always install the client software".
Note when manually installing the client, you need to assign a site code, this will help, (double click it, and put in your sitecode), as it works similar to the smssitecode=(Yoursitecode) switch in sccm.
Change_sitecode.txt (Open, put in your site code, save as .vbs, and execute on the affected computers)
Also, do these machines have different IP addresses, and do they conform to your site boundary?