Hi There
I think i might be experiencing similar problems to yourself. When you say the client doesn't really install, how far does it get?
I have a problem where it fails to install properly, kicks me out to windows.
If i log in the client is installed, but not assigned any site and just lists itself as Internet Only. Also running Server 2012 and SCCM 2012 SP1.
The one difference i have in my environment is that i have yet to setup an AD boundary, only IP boundaries as im mid way through migrating from 2007 to 2012.