Just as a note, OU data will get returned to ConfigMgr via Heartbeat discovery. This means by default it will take 7 days or longer for the details to get returned.
No SMSID is not the same as Windows SID.
Try running this query.
select * from sms_g_system_SYSTEM as g INNER JOIN sms_gh_system_SYSTEM as h on g.ResourceId = h.ResourceId where g.Name <> h.Name
0x87d00213 = Timeout occurred
Did you review the log file that you create? did you test this MSI as the local system account? https://www.recastsoftware.com/resources/how-to-access-the-local-system-account/
You can run the ConfigMgr console from your WSUS server, then it will download the SU via WSUS server. But if you are asking can ADR do it? No, you will need to allow for proxy traffic.
Did you read the docs? https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/configmgr/core/servers/deploy/configure/about-discovery-methods What is unclear with them?